Contextual factors (ICF) include which categories?

• A. Attitude of patient
• B. Environmental factors and personal factors
• C. Mobility and self care
• D. Employer policies

Answer: (B)

In the ICF framework, contextual factors are the elements outside body functions and structures that can influence functioning. These consist of environmental factors and personal factors. Environmental factors include the physical, social, and attitudinal surroundings in which a person lives and works, such as support networks, accessibility, policies, and societal attitudes. Personal factors are characteristics of the individual, like age, coping styles, education, background, and lifestyle. Together, environmental and personal factors form the contextual backdrop that can either facilitate or hinder activity and participation.

The option that combines both environmental and personal factors is the complete description of contextual factors. An individual attitude is only one personal factor, not the full set. Mobility and self-care relate to activities and participation, not to contextual factors themselves. Employer policies are an environmental factor but don’t capture personal factors alongside them.